Smallholder Tips: Keeping your pigs healthy

Common diseases

There are several diseases which you should be aware of when keeping pigs. These include Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), swine influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, and gastrointestinal infections like swine dysentery and E. coli. Symptoms vary but often include fever, respiratory distress, diarrhoea, and reduced growth rates. Early detection and treatment are vital to keep your pigs happy and healthy.

African Swine Fever

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease which poses a significant threat to pigs. As ASF has no cure or vaccine, prevention is critical. The disease can be spread by contact with infected animals, contaminated feed, or equipment so good biosecurity is essential.

Symptoms to look out for include a high fever, loss of appetite, haemorrhages in the skin, and sudden death.

ASF is a notifiable disease so if you suspect a case contact the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301 immediately.

Biosecurity

To prevent ASF and other diseases, adopt good biosecurity practices on your smallholding. This is your first line of defence against disease and is considered good practice:

1. Isolation and quarantine: New pigs should be quarantined for at least 30 days before being introduced to the herd. This helps to ensure they are not carrying any diseases.
2. Hygiene: Regularly clean and disinfect housing, equipment, and clothing. Use designated tools and wear protective clothing when tending to your pigs to minimise the risk of introducing pathogens.
3. Control access: Consider who visits your smallholding. If they are coming from another holding, ask them to disinfect their boots and clothing.
4. Pest control: Rodents and insects can carry and spread diseases. Implement robust pest control measures to keep these vectors at bay.
5. Monitoring and reporting: Keep a close watch on your pigs for any signs of illness, such as fever, loss of appetite, or unusual behaviour. Early detection is crucial. If you suspect ASF or any other serious disease, report it immediately.

Veterinary care and vaccinations

Regular veterinary check-ups are essential. Vaccinations and parasite control should be kept up-to-date to prevent disease. Your vet can provide tailored advice on the best practices for keeping your pigs healthy, including biosecurity and health management practices.